Explore the latest insights into the #brnoregion innovation ecosystem. Filter and export cited data on research & development, innovation, business, and employment in the South Moravian Region. The data report is issued annually by JIC. The data is here for everyone, free of charge.
Research and development
Find out where the region stands in terms of knowledge intensity and how the private sector plays a role in the dynamics of R&D or see how scientists from the South Moravian Region are doing in terms of publication activity.
The SMR is a leader in knowledge intensity in the Czech Republic
3.2%
share of expenses on R&D out of the region’s GDP
With a GDP expenditure of 3.2%, the South Moravian Region (SMR) is the leading region in the country for R&D investment. In 2021*, a total of 856 million EUR was allocated to R&D, with a significant majority of 93% directed towards Brno. Since 2010, the SMR has maintained its position as the top performer in knowledge intensity within the Czech Republic. For a long time now, the SMR has ranked highly among other advanced regions of Europe. Its share of R&D expenditure out of the region’s GDP (3.2%) exceeded the average value (2.29%) in the Eurozone in 2021.
The maps show the share of expenses on R&D out of the region’s GDP (%) as well as the share of people working in R&D out of the total number of employees in the region (%) in 2021.
The share of workers in R&D in the South Moravian Region has been growing for a long time
The region's dominance in knowledge intensity is complemented by the share of people working in R&D out of the total number of employees in the region, which is in the SMR (4.4%) second highest after Prague (6%). This share has been growing continuously since 2008 in the SMR. Notably it has achieved an increase (from 4.1% to 4.4) year-on-year, while this indicator has remained stagnant across the rest of the country (2.3%).
These results were achieved thanks to the allocation of universities and public research institutions as well as a big share of R&D in the private sector.
The charts show the curve of the share of people working in R&D out of the total number of employees in the region (%) as well as the curve of expenses on R&D out of the region’s GDP (%).
The increase of people employed in private sector R&D substantially affects R&D dynamics in the SMR
10%
year-on-year growth in the number of people working in R&D (FTE) in private companies in 2020–2021
In the SMR, the number of individuals employed in private sector R&D continued to rise significantly. Over the course of the year, the full-time equivalent (FTE) increased by 10%, equivalent to almost 900 individuals, bringing the total to 9,852 FTEs. Notably, this represents one-third of all newly created FTEs in private R&D across the country.
Of those employed in R&D in the SMR, over 60% work for major foreign-owned companies (250+ employees). These companies have a significant impact on the development of the local ecosystem, contributing two-thirds of the total R&D expenses incurred by private companies in the region.
The number of FTEs working in the SMR's manufacturing industry in R&D slightly exceeded that of Prague, with the same being true for the number of individuals employed by the smallest companies, with up to 50 employees. Impressively, one-quarter of all individuals employed in this segment and size of companies across the country work in the SMR. This level of granularity is a positive sign of the resilience of the economy and the well-rooted R&D activities in the region.
Although the overall rate of increase in R&D expenses in the SMR remained lower than the country's average in 2021, primarily due to stagnant public domestic resources, private sector investment continued to rise. Private companies in the SMR increased their R&D spending to 468 million EUR, a growth of 10.8% compared to 2020, or 44 million EUR. Since 2005, the SMR has experienced the greatest increase of +535% in private sector R&D spending compared to all other regions in the Czech Republic. Notably, these expenses significantly exceeded the total income of the SMR (taxes, capital, etc.).
The first chart shows a year-on-year change in the number of people working in R&D in private companies (FTE), while the other dataset shows the change in expenses on R&D by companies in 2020–2021, both as percentages.
Share of companies with R&D per 1,000 companies with 10+ employees
72
companies with R&D per 1,000 companies with 10+ employees
For a considerable period, the SMR has been home to a significant concentration of companies actively involved in research and development (R&D). As of 2021, there were 72 R&D-active companies per 1,000 establishments employing a minimum of 10 individuals. Notably, smaller companies with up to 50 employees recorded the most significant increase, with a YoY surge of 37%, compared to mid-sized and large corporations that registered a 30% and 2% increase, respectively. Domestic enterprises accounted for a more significant portion of this uptick than foreign ones, despite the latter spending roughly twice as much on R&D.
Information and communication activities reported the most significant surge in R&D expenses, surpassing 40 million EUR to a total of 220 million EUR. In the manufacturing sector, the electronic and electrical engineering industries, including electron microscopy, contributed the most to the increase, adding 4.8 million EUR to a total of 76.8 million EUR.
The chart shows the curve of the number of companies with their own R&D per 1,000 companies employing 10+ people.
growth of GDP in the SMR per capita in common prices in 2003–2021
The pursuit of R&D support is a means to a larger end, as evidenced by the overall growth of the SMR's economy. From 2003–2021, the SMR achieved the most substantial growth (123%) in regional GDP per capita out of all the Czech regions, compared to the average growth of 106% in the Czech Republic and 111% in Prague.
This impressive result also stands out when compared to other European countries. Between 2010–2021, the SMR's position improved from 156th to 114th among European regions, increasing from 79% to 90% of the average of the EU27. In terms of GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity, the SMR has joined the ranks of medium-advanced regions in Germany, France, and Italy. This comparison encompasses 269 NUTS 2 region and the SMR as NUTS 3 region.
The chart shows the growth of regional GDP (in %) per capita in common prices in Czech regions in 2003–2021.
papers published by scientists from the SMR that rank among the top 10% of the world’s most cited scientific outputs in the research field
As per the esteemed Web of Science database, over 2,200 scientific papers originating from the SMR have been published in the last 5 years, ranking within the top 10% of the world's most cited scientific outputs in the research field. This finding solidifies the SMR's notable position, particularly Brno, with its abundance of universities and local scientific sites, that are significant on a national level.
The most prominent contributors to this achievement include scholars from Masaryk University, Brno University of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, University Hospital Brno, and the International Clinical Research Center at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
The chart shows the number of scientific works published in 2018–2022 that rank among the top 10% of world’s most cited scientific outputs in the research field according to Web of Science.
Web of Science: Specialization of the scientific works published
Scientific papers authored by scholars from the SMR that achieved recognition as being among the top 10% of the world's most cited scientific outputs in 2018–2022, as per the Web of Science, frequently focused on engineering (mostly electrical & electronic), information science, chemistry, oncology, physics, environmental sciences, and ecology.
Collaborations between authors from the SMR and scholars from the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, and Spain were particularly common.
The cloud shows key disciplines of the scientific works published in 2018–2022 that rank among the top 10% of the world’s most cited scientific outputs in the research field, according to Web of Science.
The students in the SMR become specialists and experts in various disciplines, given the growing importance of information and communication technologies. The number of foreign students has been rising, including those from Ukraine.
Half of university students study technology, natural sciences, or medical field
51%
of students in the SMR study technology, natural sciences, and medical field
After a significant decline, mainly in the first half of the previous decade, the total number of university students in the SMR has stabilized around 63.5 thousand. Over half (51%) of the students have chosen to study technology, natural sciences, or medical field, significantly exceeding the share of students in these fields throughout the country (44%) in 2022.
We count the following fields: ICT; Natural Sciences, mathematics and statistics; Technology, production, and construction; Medical and social care, favourable living condition care; Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and veterinary medicine.
Adding the information about graduates in the field of ICT, over the past five years, the number of students graduating from PhD programs in ICT in Brno (117) has almost equalled the number from Prague (119). In the Czech Republic, one-third of PhD students in this discipline graduated from Brno, with 38 graduates in 2022 (44% of the total in the country) compared to just 19 in Prague (22% of the total in the country).
The charts depict the share of university students based on field of study in 2022, as well as the share of university graduates based on field of study in 2022 in the SMR.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Students/Apiechart_isced_Students-based-on-field-of-study.csv","Data":[{"name":"field of study","value":"value"},{"name":"Technology, production, and construction","value":"11520"},{"name":"Business, administration, and law","value":"10897"},{"name":"Social sciences, journalism and information sciences","value":"6245"},{"name":"Education and training","value":"6220"},{"name":"Information nad communications technologies (ICT)","value":"6125"},{"name":"Medical and social care, favourable living condition care","value":"6079"},{"name":"Arts and humanities","value":"5722"},{"name":"Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and veterinary medicine","value":"4831"},{"name":"Natural Sciences, mathematics and statistics","value":"4303"},{"name":"Services","value":"2226"}],"Name":"Students based on field of study","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Students/piechart_isced_Graduates-based-on-field-of-study.csv","Data":[{"name":"field of study","value":"value"},{"name":"Technology, production, and construction","value":"2932"},{"name":"Business, administration, and law","value":"2586"},{"name":"Social sciences, journalism and information sciences","value":"1508"},{"name":"Education and training","value":"1349"},{"name":"Arts and humanities","value":"1096"},{"name":"Information nad communications technologies (ICT)","value":"1062"},{"name":"Medical and social care, favourable living condition care","value":"1052"},{"name":"Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and veterinary medicine","value":"976"},{"name":"Natural Sciences, mathematics and statistics","value":"828"},{"name":"Services","value":"261"}],"Name":"Graduates based on field of study","Groups":[]}]
Number of ICT students growing
9.7%
the share of ICT students out of the total number of students in the SMR in 2022
The proportion of ICT students out of the total number of students in the SMR (9.7%) has been consistently increasing, and is now approaching the shares seen in countries with the highest representation of ICT students, such as Finland (9.9%) or Estonia (10.1%), based on 2020 data. In 2020, the EU average was only 4.9%, whereas the Czech Republic surpassed this average with a rate of 6.3%.
There was a total of 6,125 ICT students in the SMR, which accounts for more than a quarter of all ICT students in the entire country. Seven out of every ten Czech ICT students study in Prague or Brno. In Brno, the largest number of ICT students attend either the Brno University of Technology (BUT) (3,355) or Masaryk University (2,252).
The chart shows the curve of the number of ICT students in 2011-2022 (both aggregate number and %).
[{"Path":"data 2023/Students/combibarlinechart_EN_IT-students.csv","Data":[{"Year":"Year","Number of ICT students":"Number of ICT students","Share of ICT students (%)":"Share of ICT students (%)"},{"Year":"2011","Number of ICT students":"5987","Share of ICT students (%)":"7,3"},{"Year":"2012","Number of ICT students":"5969","Share of ICT students (%)":"7,4"},{"Year":"2013","Number of ICT students":"5800","Share of ICT students (%)":"7,5"},{"Year":"2014","Number of ICT students":"5571","Share of ICT students (%)":"7,6"},{"Year":"2015","Number of ICT students":"5479","Share of ICT students (%)":"7,9"},{"Year":"2016","Number of ICT students":"5396","Share of ICT students (%)":"8,1"},{"Year":"2017","Number of ICT students":"5252","Share of ICT students (%)":"8,3"},{"Year":"2018","Number of ICT students":"5338","Share of ICT students (%)":"8,6"},{"Year":"2019","Number of ICT students":"5403","Share of ICT students (%)":"8,8"},{"Year":"2020","Number of ICT students":"5706","Share of ICT students (%)":"9"},{"Year":"2021","Number of ICT students":"5971","Share of ICT students (%)":"9,4"},{"Year":"2022","Number of ICT students":"6125","Share of ICT students (%)":"9,7"}],"Name":"JICVizualizace.Chart.Filter.IT-students","Groups":[]}]
Twice as many students from Ukraine
1,180
students from Ukraine in 2022
Students from the Czech republic and other 124 countries study in the SMR. In 2022, the number of Ukrainian students doubled, replacing Russians as the second largest group of foreign students after Slovaks.
Out of the total number of 14,951 students in 2022, 9,427 were from Slovakia, 1,180 from Ukraine, and 4,344 from other foreign countries. The proportion of university students in the SMR from abroad increased by one percentage point YoY to reach 23.6%.
The chart shows the numbers of students from various foreign countries in 2022 and 2021.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Students/Atreemap_Foreign-university-students-in-2022.csv","Data":[{"label":"country","value":"value"},{"label":"Slovakia","value":"9427"},{"label":"Ukraine","value":"1180"},{"label":"Russia","value":"1119"},{"label":"Kazachstan","value":"298"},{"label":"Belarus","value":"225"},{"label":"India","value":"204"},{"label":"Germany","value":"158"},{"label":"Italy","value":"147"},{"label":"Ghana","value":"139"},{"label":"Bangladesh","value":"126"},{"label":"Japan","value":"104"},{"label":"Iran","value":"95"},{"label":"Spain","value":"82"},{"label":"France","value":"80"},{"label":"Norway","value":"72"},{"label":"Cyprus","value":"70"},{"label":"United Kingdom","value":"70"},{"label":"Israel","value":"67"},{"label":"Turkey","value":"65"},{"label":"Nigeria","value":"62"},{"label":"other","value":"1161"}],"Name":"Foreign university students in 2022","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Students/treemap_Foreign-university-students-in-2021.csv","Data":[{"label":"country","value":"value"},{"label":"Slovakia","value":"9 626"},{"label":"Russia","value":"1 173"},{"label":"Ukraine","value":"606"},{"label":"Kazachstan","value":"298"},{"label":"Belarus","value":"222"},{"label":"Germany","value":"194"},{"label":"India","value":"178"},{"label":"Ghana","value":"136"},{"label":"Japan","value":"111"},{"label":"Italy","value":"109"},{"label":"Norway","value":"86"},{"label":"Cyprus","value":"83"},{"label":"Iran","value":"78"},{"label":"UK","value":"74"},{"label":"Spain","value":"69"},{"label":"Israel","value":"68"},{"label":"Bangladesh","value":"66"},{"label":"Serbia","value":"63"},{"label":"Azerbaijan","value":"60"},{"label":"USA","value":"60"},{"label":"other","value":"1 040"}],"Name":"Foreign university students in 2021","Groups":[]}]
Specialists and experts
Specialists and experts are in high demand in perhaps all major industries. It is a pleasure to see their numbers grow, allowing companies from the SMR to grow and expand as well.
The share of high-tech employees in the SMR compares well with the shares in the most advanced Western regions
7.3 %
of people employed in high-tech industries
In 2021, 7.3% of all people employed in the SMR worked in high-tech industries. This percentage was higher than in the Czech Republic (5.7%) and the Eurozone (4.8%). The SMR's focus on the IT sector and the production of electronic, optical devices, and pharmaceutical products contributed to its significant share.
In terms of the share of the people working in high-tech industries out of the total number of people employed in the SMR, this region ranks among advanced European regions, such as Vlaams-Brabant (BE, 7.5%), Lisbon (PT, 7.2%), MittelFranken (DE, 7.2%), Noord-Holland (NL, 7.2%), Oslo (NO, 7.1%), Hamburg (DE, 7.1%), Dresden (DE, 7%), and Utrecht (NL, 6.8.%). This classification is based on the data from 2021 available for 236 NUTS 2 regions.
The SMR ranks 29th on this list based on the values at the NUTS 3 level (individual regions). Urban regions such as Budapest, Prague, the Bratislava region, Stockholm, Bucharest, Helsinki, and Berlin have the highest shares, exceeding 10%.
The map shows the share of high-tech employees out of the total employment rate in selected European NUTS 2 regions for 2021. The other dataset allows for comparison of the current situation with that of five years ago (2016).
Note: The data for the Czech Republic is derived from the values on the NUTS 3 level, i.e. individual regions.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Specialists/Aeuropemap_hightech_2021.csv","Data":[{"id":"id","nuts_region":"nuts_region","value":"value"},{"id":"BE10","nuts_region":"Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest","value":"7,6"},{"id":"BE21","nuts_region":"Prov. Antwerpen","value":"5,9"},{"id":"BE22","nuts_region":"Prov. Limburg (BE)","value":"4,6"},{"id":"BE23","nuts_region":"Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen","value":"5,8"},{"id":"BE24","nuts_region":"Prov. Vlaams-Brabant","value":"7,5"},{"id":"BE25","nuts_region":"Prov. West-Vlaanderen","value":"3,3"},{"id":"BE31","nuts_region":"Prov. Brabant wallon","value":"9,9"},{"id":"BE32","nuts_region":"Prov. Hainaut","value":"5,1"},{"id":"BE33","nuts_region":"Prov. Li?ge","value":"4,4"},{"id":"BE34","nuts_region":"Prov. Luxembourg (BE)","value":"4,3"},{"id":"BE35","nuts_region":"Prov. Namur","value":"6,3"},{"id":"BG31","nuts_region":"Severozapaden","value":"1,7"},{"id":"BG32","nuts_region":"Severen tsentralen","value":"2,7"},{"id":"BG33","nuts_region":"Severoiztochen","value":"1,5"},{"id":"BG34","nuts_region":"Yugoiztochen","value":"1,1"},{"id":"BG41","nuts_region":"Yugozapaden","value":"9,1"},{"id":"BG42","nuts_region":"Yuzhen tsentralen","value":"3,3"},{"id":"CZ010","nuts_region":"Prague","value":"13,1"},{"id":"CZ020","nuts_region":"Central Bohemian Region","value":"5,7"},{"id":"CZ031","nuts_region":"South Bohemian Region","value":"3,6"},{"id":"CZ032","nuts_region":"Pilsen Region","value":"4,2"},{"id":"CZ041","nuts_region":"Karlovy Vary Region","value":"3,1"},{"id":"CZ042","nuts_region":"Usti nad Labem Region","value":"2,8"},{"id":"CZ051","nuts_region":"Liberec Region","value":"3,2"},{"id":"CZ052","nuts_region":"Hradec Kralove Region","value":"3,3"},{"id":"CZ053","nuts_region":"Pardubice Region","value":"6,1"},{"id":"CZ063","nuts_region":"Region Vysocina","value":"2,3"},{"id":"CZ064","nuts_region":"South Moravian Region","value":"7,3"},{"id":"CZ071","nuts_region":"Olomouc Region","value":"4,7"},{"id":"CZ072","nuts_region":"Zlin Region","value":"3,1"},{"id":"CZ080","nuts_region":"Moravian-Silesian Region","value":"4,4"},{"id":"DK01","nuts_region":"Hovedstaden","value":"10,4"},{"id":"DK02","nuts_region":"Sj?lland","value":"4,6"},{"id":"DK03","nuts_region":"Syddanmark","value":"2,3"},{"id":"DK04","nuts_region":"Midtjylland","value":"4,4"},{"id":"DK05","nuts_region":"Nordjylland","value":"2,7"},{"id":"DE11","nuts_region":"Stuttgart","value":"6,2"},{"id":"DE12","nuts_region":"Karlsruhe","value":"8"},{"id":"DE13","nuts_region":"Freiburg","value":"6"},{"id":"DE14","nuts_region":"Tübingen","value":"6,1"},{"id":"DE21","nuts_region":"Oberbayern","value":"9,3"},{"id":"DE22","nuts_region":"Niederbayern","value":"3,4"},{"id":"DE23","nuts_region":"Oberpfalz","value":"6,6"},{"id":"DE24","nuts_region":"Oberfranken","value":"3,8"},{"id":"DE25","nuts_region":"Mittelfranken","value":"7,2"},{"id":"DE26","nuts_region":"Unterfranken","value":"3,9"},{"id":"DE27","nuts_region":"Schwaben","value":"3,4"},{"id":"DE30","nuts_region":"Berlin","value":"10,2"},{"id":"DE40","nuts_region":"Brandenburg","value":"3,4"},{"id":"DE50","nuts_region":"Bremen","value":"4,9"},{"id":"DE60","nuts_region":"Hamburg","value":"7,1"},{"id":"DE71","nuts_region":"Darmstadt","value":"6,7"},{"id":"DE72","nuts_region":"Gießen","value":"5"},{"id":"DE73","nuts_region":"Kassel","value":"4"},{"id":"DE80","nuts_region":"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern","value":"2,7"},{"id":"DE91","nuts_region":"Braunschweig","value":"4,7"},{"id":"DE92","nuts_region":"Hannover","value":"4,4"},{"id":"DE93","nuts_region":"Lüneburg","value":"2,6"},{"id":"DE94","nuts_region":"Weser-Ems","value":"2,7"},{"id":"DEA1","nuts_region":"Düsseldorf","value":"4,7"},{"id":"DEA2","nuts_region":"Köln","value":"6,5"},{"id":"DEA3","nuts_region":"Münster","value":"3,1"},{"id":"DEA4","nuts_region":"Detmold","value":"4,3"},{"id":"DEA5","nuts_region":"Arnsberg","value":"3,4"},{"id":"DEB1","nuts_region":"Koblenz","value":"3,8"},{"id":"DEB2","nuts_region":"Trier","value":":"},{"id":"DEB3","nuts_region":"Rheinhessen-Pfalz","value":"6,2"},{"id":"DEC0","nuts_region":"Saarland","value":"3,8"},{"id":"DED2","nuts_region":"Dresden","value":"7"},{"id":"DED4","nuts_region":"Chemnitz","value":"3,1"},{"id":"DED5","nuts_region":"Leipzig","value":"5,5"},{"id":"DEE0","nuts_region":"Sachsen-Anhalt","value":"3,2"},{"id":"DEF0","nuts_region":"Schleswig-Holstein","value":"4,3"},{"id":"DEG0","nuts_region":"Thüringen","value":"4,5"},{"id":"EE00","nuts_region":"Eesti","value":"6,5"},{"id":"IE04","nuts_region":"Northern and Western","value":"5,8"},{"id":"IE05","nuts_region":"Southern","value":"9,8"},{"id":"IE06","nuts_region":"Eastern and Midland","value":"11,8"},{"id":"IE01","nuts_region":"Border, Midland and Western (NUTS 2013)","value":":"},{"id":"IE02","nuts_region":"Southern and Eastern (NUTS 2013)","value":":"},{"id":"EL30","nuts_region":"Attiki","value":"6,1"},{"id":"EL41","nuts_region":"Voreio Aigaio","value":":"},{"id":"EL42","nuts_region":"Notio Aigaio","value":":"},{"id":"EL43","nuts_region":"Kriti","value":"0,9"},{"id":"EL51","nuts_region":"Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki","value":"0,7"},{"id":"EL52","nuts_region":"Kentriki Makedonia","value":"2,7"},{"id":"EL53","nuts_region":"Dytiki Makedonia","value":":"},{"id":"EL54","nuts_region":"Ipeiros","value":":"},{"id":"EL61","nuts_region":"Thessalia","value":"0,9"},{"id":"EL62","nuts_region":"Ionia Nisia","value":":"},{"id":"EL63","nuts_region":"Dytiki Ellada","value":"1,7"},{"id":"EL64","nuts_region":"Sterea Ellada","value":"0,9"},{"id":"EL65","nuts_region":"Peloponnisos","value":":"},{"id":"ES11","nuts_region":"Galicia","value":"3,3"},{"id":"ES12","nuts_region":"Principado de Asturias","value":"3,8"},{"id":"ES13","nuts_region":"Cantabria","value":"2,4"},{"id":"ES21","nuts_region":"País Vasco","value":"4,7"},{"id":"ES22","nuts_region":"Comunidad Foral de Navarra","value":"2,7"},{"id":"ES23","nuts_region":"La Rioja","value":"1,7"},{"id":"ES24","nuts_region":"Aragón","value":"2,4"},{"id":"ES30","nuts_region":"Comunidad de Madrid","value":"8,4"},{"id":"ES41","nuts_region":"Castilla y León","value":"2,5"},{"id":"ES42","nuts_region":"Castilla-la Mancha","value":"2,1"},{"id":"ES43","nuts_region":"Extremadura","value":"2,7"},{"id":"ES51","nuts_region":"Catalu?a","value":"5,3"},{"id":"ES52","nuts_region":"Comunitat Valenciana","value":"2,7"},{"id":"ES53","nuts_region":"Illes Balears","value":"1,4"},{"id":"ES61","nuts_region":"Andalucía","value":"2,7"},{"id":"ES62","nuts_region":"Región de Murcia","value":"2,1"},{"id":"ES63","nuts_region":"Ciudad de Ceuta","value":":"},{"id":"ES64","nuts_region":"Ciudad de Melilla","value":":"},{"id":"ES70","nuts_region":"Canarias","value":"3,3"},{"id":"FR10","nuts_region":"Île de France","value":"8,1"},{"id":"FRB0","nuts_region":"Centre - Val de Loire","value":"3,8"},{"id":"FRC1","nuts_region":"Bourgogne","value":"2,3"},{"id":"FRC2","nuts_region":"Franche-Comté","value":"5,1"},{"id":"FRD1","nuts_region":"Basse-Normandie","value":"2,8"},{"id":"FRD2","nuts_region":"Haute-Normandie","value":"2,5"},{"id":"FRE1","nuts_region":"Nord-Pas-de-Calais","value":"2,9"},{"id":"FRE2","nuts_region":"Picardie","value":"2,3"},{"id":"FRF1","nuts_region":"Alsace","value":"4,9"},{"id":"FRF2","nuts_region":"Champagne-Ardenne","value":"1,4"},{"id":"FRF3","nuts_region":"Lorraine","value":"2,1"},{"id":"FRG0","nuts_region":"Pays-de-la-Loire","value":"3,6"},{"id":"FRH0","nuts_region":"Bretagne","value":"4,1"},{"id":"FRI1","nuts_region":"Aquitaine","value":"3"},{"id":"FRI2","nuts_region":"Limousin","value":":"},{"id":"FRI3","nuts_region":"Poitou-Charentes","value":"1,7"},{"id":"FRJ1","nuts_region":"Languedoc-Roussillon","value":"3,4"},{"id":"FRJ2","nuts_region":"Midi-Pyrénées","value":"6,8"},{"id":"FRK1","nuts_region":"Auvergne","value":"2,8"},{"id":"FRK2","nuts_region":"Rhône-Alpes","value":"5,3"},{"id":"FRL0","nuts_region":"Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur","value":"4,3"},{"id":"FRM0","nuts_region":"Corse","value":":"},{"id":"FRY1","nuts_region":"Guadeloupe","value":"2,1"},{"id":"FRY2","nuts_region":"Martinique","value":":"},{"id":"FRY3","nuts_region":"Guyane","value":":"},{"id":"FRY4","nuts_region":"La Réunion","value":"1,4"},{"id":"FRY5","nuts_region":"Mayotte","value":":"},{"id":"HR02","nuts_region":"Panonska Hrvatska","value":"2,5"},{"id":"HR03","nuts_region":"Jadranska Hrvatska","value":"1,4"},{"id":"HR04","nuts_region":"Kontinentalna Hrvatska (NUTS 2016)","value":":"},{"id":"HR05","nuts_region":"Grad Zagreb","value":"7,8"},{"id":"HR06","nuts_region":"Sjeverna Hrvatska","value":"3,3"},{"id":"ITC1","nuts_region":"Piemonte","value":"3,9"},{"id":"ITC2","nuts_region":"Valle d'Aosta/Vallée d'Aoste","value":":"},{"id":"ITC3","nuts_region":"Liguria","value":"3,1"},{"id":"ITC4","nuts_region":"Lombardia","value":"5,5"},{"id":"ITH1","nuts_region":"Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen","value":"1,7"},{"id":"ITH2","nuts_region":"Provincia Autonoma di Trento","value":"3,7"},{"id":"ITH3","nuts_region":"Veneto","value":"3,1"},{"id":"ITH4","nuts_region":"Friuli-Venezia Giulia","value":"3"},{"id":"ITH5","nuts_region":"Emilia-Romagna","value":"3,5"},{"id":"ITI1","nuts_region":"Toscana","value":"3,7"},{"id":"ITI2","nuts_region":"Umbria","value":"3"},{"id":"ITI3","nuts_region":"Marche","value":"2,8"},{"id":"ITI4","nuts_region":"Lazio","value":"8,2"},{"id":"ITF1","nuts_region":"Abruzzo","value":"3"},{"id":"ITF2","nuts_region":"Molise","value":"2"},{"id":"ITF3","nuts_region":"Campania","value":"2,8"},{"id":"ITF4","nuts_region":"Puglia","value":"2,1"},{"id":"ITF5","nuts_region":"Basilicata","value":"2,1"},{"id":"ITF6","nuts_region":"Calabria","value":"1,6"},{"id":"ITG1","nuts_region":"Sicilia","value":"2,2"},{"id":"ITG2","nuts_region":"Sardegna","value":"2"},{"id":"CY00","nuts_region":"Kypros","value":"4"},{"id":"LV00","nuts_region":"Latvija","value":"4,5"},{"id":"LT01","nuts_region":"Sostines regionas","value":"8,4"},{"id":"LT02","nuts_region":"Vidurio ir vakaru Lietuvos regionas","value":"2,3"},{"id":"LT00","nuts_region":"Lietuva (NUTS 2013)","value":":"},{"id":"LU00","nuts_region":"Luxembourg","value":"5"},{"id":"HU11","nuts_region":"Budapest","value":"13,7"},{"id":"HU12","nuts_region":"Pest","value":"8,3"},{"id":"HU10","nuts_region":"Közép-Magyarország (NUTS 2013)","value":":"},{"id":"HU21","nuts_region":"Közép-Dunántúl","value":"5,1"},{"id":"HU22","nuts_region":"Nyugat-Dunántúl","value":"4"},{"id":"HU23","nuts_region":"Dél-Dunántúl","value":"3"},{"id":"HU31","nuts_region":"Észak-Magyarország","value":"4,9"},{"id":"HU32","nuts_region":"Észak-Alföld","value":"4,2"},{"id":"HU33","nuts_region":"Dél-Alföld","value":"2,5"},{"id":"MT00","nuts_region":"Malta","value":"5,6"},{"id":"NL11","nuts_region":"Groningen","value":"4,2"},{"id":"NL12","nuts_region":"Friesland (NL)","value":"2,5"},{"id":"NL13","nuts_region":"Drenthe","value":"3,1"},{"id":"NL21","nuts_region":"Overijssel","value":"4,2"},{"id":"NL22","nuts_region":"Gelderland","value":"4,5"},{"id":"NL23","nuts_region":"Flevoland","value":"8,2"},{"id":"NL31","nuts_region":"Utrecht","value":"6,8"},{"id":"NL32","nuts_region":"Noord-Holland","value":"7,2"},{"id":"NL33","nuts_region":"Zuid-Holland","value":"5,5"},{"id":"NL34","nuts_region":"Zeeland","value":"2,6"},{"id":"NL41","nuts_region":"Noord-Brabant","value":"5,7"},{"id":"NL42","nuts_region":"Limburg (NL)","value":"3,7"},{"id":"AT11","nuts_region":"Burgenland (AT)","value":"2,8"},{"id":"AT12","nuts_region":"Niederösterreich","value":"4,1"},{"id":"AT13","nuts_region":"Wien","value":"7,9"},{"id":"AT21","nuts_region":"Kärnten","value":"5,3"},{"id":"AT22","nuts_region":"Steiermark","value":"3,6"},{"id":"AT31","nuts_region":"Oberösterreich","value":"3,4"},{"id":"AT32","nuts_region":"Salzburg","value":"2,8"},{"id":"AT33","nuts_region":"Tirol","value":"3,8"},{"id":"AT34","nuts_region":"Vorarlberg","value":"3"},{"id":"PL21","nuts_region":"Malopolskie","value":"5,1"},{"id":"PL22","nuts_region":"Slaskie","value":"3,5"},{"id":"PL41","nuts_region":"Wielkopolskie","value":"2,2"},{"id":"PL42","nuts_region":"Zachodniopomorskie","value":"2,2"},{"id":"PL43","nuts_region":"Lubuskie","value":":"},{"id":"PL51","nuts_region":"Dolnoslaskie","value":"5,1"},{"id":"PL52","nuts_region":"Opolskie","value":":"},{"id":"PL61","nuts_region":"Kujawsko-Pomorskie","value":"2,5"},{"id":"PL62","nuts_region":"Warminsko-Mazurskie","value":":"},{"id":"PL63","nuts_region":"Pomorskie","value":"3,9"},{"id":"PL71","nuts_region":"Lódzkie","value":"4"},{"id":"PL72","nuts_region":"Swietokrzyskie","value":":"},{"id":"PL81","nuts_region":"Lubelskie","value":"1,7"},{"id":"PL82","nuts_region":"Podkarpackie","value":"2"},{"id":"PL84","nuts_region":"Podlaskie","value":":"},{"id":"PL91","nuts_region":"Warszawski stoleczny","value":"8,6"},{"id":"PL92","nuts_region":"Mazowiecki regionalny","value":"2,1"},{"id":"PT11","nuts_region":"Norte","value":"3,5"},{"id":"PT15","nuts_region":"Algarve","value":":"},{"id":"PT16","nuts_region":"Centro (PT)","value":"3,4"},{"id":"PT17","nuts_region":"Área Metropolitana de Lisboa","value":"7,2"},{"id":"PT18","nuts_region":"Alentejo","value":"2,2"},{"id":"PT20","nuts_region":"Regi?o Autónoma dos Açores (PT)","value":":"},{"id":"PT30","nuts_region":"Regi?o Autónoma da Madeira (PT)","value":":"},{"id":"RO11","nuts_region":"Nord-Vest","value":"3"},{"id":"RO12","nuts_region":"Centru","value":"2"},{"id":"RO21","nuts_region":"Nord-Est","value":"1,9"},{"id":"RO22","nuts_region":"Sud-Est","value":"0,8"},{"id":"RO31","nuts_region":"Sud - Muntenia","value":"1,5"},{"id":"RO32","nuts_region":"Bucuresti - Ilfov","value":"10,7"},{"id":"RO41","nuts_region":"Sud-Vest Oltenia","value":"1"},{"id":"RO42","nuts_region":"Vest","value":"5"},{"id":"SI03","nuts_region":"Vzhodna Slovenija","value":"5,2"},{"id":"SI01","nuts_region":"Vzhodna Slovenija (NUTS 2010)","value":":"},{"id":"SI04","nuts_region":"Zahodna Slovenija","value":"8,5"},{"id":"SI02","nuts_region":"Zahodna Slovenija (NUTS 2010)","value":":"},{"id":"SK01","nuts_region":"Bratislavský kraj","value":"12,5"},{"id":"SK02","nuts_region":"Západné Slovensko","value":"3,7"},{"id":"SK03","nuts_region":"Stredné Slovensko","value":"4,2"},{"id":"SK04","nuts_region":"Východné Slovensko","value":"4,9"},{"id":"FI19","nuts_region":"Länsi-Suomi","value":"4"},{"id":"FI1B","nuts_region":"Helsinki-Uusimaa","value":"10,5"},{"id":"FI1C","nuts_region":"Etelä-Suomi","value":"3,9"},{"id":"FI1D","nuts_region":"Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi","value":"4,3"},{"id":"FI20","nuts_region":"?land","value":":"},{"id":"SE11","nuts_region":"Stockholm","value":"11,5"},{"id":"SE12","nuts_region":"Östra Mellansverige","value":"5"},{"id":"SE21","nuts_region":"Sm?land med öarna","value":"2,8"},{"id":"SE22","nuts_region":"Sydsverige","value":"5,5"},{"id":"SE23","nuts_region":"Västsverige","value":"4,9"},{"id":"SE31","nuts_region":"Norra Mellansverige","value":"2"},{"id":"SE32","nuts_region":"Mellersta Norrland","value":"3,7"},{"id":"SE33","nuts_region":"Övre Norrland","value":"3,6"},{"id":"IS00","nuts_region":"Ísland","value":"5"},{"id":"NO01","nuts_region":"Oslo og Akershus (statistical region 2016)","value":":"},{"id":"NO02","nuts_region":"Innlandet","value":"3"},{"id":"NO03","nuts_region":"S?r-?stlandet (statistical region 2016)","value":":"},{"id":"NO04","nuts_region":"Agder og Rogaland (statistical region 2016)","value":":"},{"id":"NO05","nuts_region":"Vestlandet (statistical region 2016)","value":":"},{"id":"NO06","nuts_region":"Tr?ndelag","value":"5,3"},{"id":"NO07","nuts_region":"Nord-Norge","value":":"},{"id":"NO08","nuts_region":"Oslo og Viken","value":"7,1"},{"id":"NO09","nuts_region":"Agder og S?r-?stlandet","value":"3,7"},{"id":"NO0A","nuts_region":"Vestlandet","value":"3,2"},{"id":"CH01","nuts_region":"Région lémanique","value":"4,9"},{"id":"CH02","nuts_region":"Espace Mittelland","value":"6,5"},{"id":"CH03","nuts_region":"Nordwestschweiz","value":"7,8"},{"id":"CH04","nuts_region":"Zürich","value":"8,1"},{"id":"CH05","nuts_region":"Ostschweiz","value":"4,4"},{"id":"CH06","nuts_region":"Zentralschweiz","value":"5"},{"id":"CH07","nuts_region":"Ticino","value":"4,2"},{"id":"UKC1","nuts_region":"Tees Valley and Durham","value":":"},{"id":"UKC2","nuts_region":"Northumberland and Tyne and Wear","value":":"},{"id":"UKD1","nuts_region":"Cumbria","value":":"},{"id":"UKD3","nuts_region":"Greater Manchester","value":":"},{"id":"UKD4","nuts_region":"Lancashire","value":":"},{"id":"UKD6","nuts_region":"Cheshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKD7","nuts_region":"Merseyside","value":":"},{"id":"UKE1","nuts_region":"East Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKE2","nuts_region":"North Yorkshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKE3","nuts_region":"South Yorkshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKE4","nuts_region":"West Yorkshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKF1","nuts_region":"Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKF2","nuts_region":"Leicestershire, Rutland and Northamptonshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKF3","nuts_region":"Lincolnshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKG1","nuts_region":"Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKG2","nuts_region":"Shropshire and Staffordshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKG3","nuts_region":"West Midlands","value":":"},{"id":"UKH1","nuts_region":"East Anglia","value":":"},{"id":"UKH2","nuts_region":"Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKH3","nuts_region":"Essex","value":":"},{"id":"UKI1","nuts_region":"Inner London (NUTS 2010)","value":":"},{"id":"UKI2","nuts_region":"Outer London (NUTS 2010)","value":":"},{"id":"UKI3","nuts_region":"Inner London - West","value":":"},{"id":"UKI4","nuts_region":"Inner London - East","value":":"},{"id":"UKI5","nuts_region":"Outer London - East and North East","value":":"},{"id":"UKI6","nuts_region":"Outer London - South","value":":"},{"id":"UKI7","nuts_region":"Outer London - West and North West","value":":"},{"id":"UKJ1","nuts_region":"Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire","value":":"},{"id":"UKJ2","nuts_region":"Surrey, East and West Sussex","value":":"},{"id":"UKJ3","nuts_region":"Hampshire and Isle of Wight","value":":"},{"id":"UKJ4","nuts_region":"Kent","value":":"},{"id":"UKK1","nuts_region":"Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Bristol/Bath area","value":":"},{"id":"UKK2","nuts_region":"Dorset and Somerset","value":":"},{"id":"UKK3","nuts_region":"Cornwall and Isles of Scilly","value":":"},{"id":"UKK4","nuts_region":"Devon","value":":"},{"id":"UKL1","nuts_region":"West Wales and The Valleys","value":":"},{"id":"UKL2","nuts_region":"East Wales","value":":"},{"id":"UKM2","nuts_region":"Eastern Scotland (NUTS 2013)","value":":"},{"id":"UKM3","nuts_region":"South Western Scotland (NUTS 2013)","value":":"},{"id":"UKM5","nuts_region":"North Eastern Scotland","value":":"},{"id":"UKM6","nuts_region":"Highlands and Islands","value":":"},{"id":"UKM7","nuts_region":"Eastern Scotland","value":":"},{"id":"UKM8","nuts_region":"West Central Scotland","value":":"},{"id":"UKM9","nuts_region":"Southern Scotland","value":":"},{"id":"UKN0","nuts_region":"Northern Ireland (UK)","value":":"},{"id":"ME00","nuts_region":"Crna Gora","value":":"},{"id":"MK00","nuts_region":"Severna Makedonija","value":":"},{"id":"RS11","nuts_region":"Beogradski region","value":"9,7"},{"id":"RS12","nuts_region":"Region Vojvodine","value":"3,4"},{"id":"RS21","nuts_region":"Region Sumadije i Zapadne Srbije","value":"1,9"},{"id":"RS22","nuts_region":"Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije","value":"1,7"},{"id":"TR10","nuts_region":"Istanbul","value":":"},{"id":"TR21","nuts_region":"Tekirdag, Edirne, Kirklareli","value":":"},{"id":"TR22","nuts_region":"Balikesir, Çanakkale","value":":"},{"id":"TR31","nuts_region":"Izmir","value":":"},{"id":"TR32","nuts_region":"Aydin, Denizli, Mugla","value":":"},{"id":"TR33","nuts_region":"Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Usak","value":":"},{"id":"TR41","nuts_region":"Bursa, Eskisehir, Bilecik","value":":"},{"id":"TR42","nuts_region":"Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova","value":":"},{"id":"TR51","nuts_region":"Ankara","value":":"},{"id":"TR52","nuts_region":"Konya, Karaman","value":":"},{"id":"TR61","nuts_region":"Antalya, Isparta, Burdur","value":":"},{"id":"TR62","nuts_region":"Adana, Mersin","value":":"},{"id":"TR63","nuts_region":"Hatay, Kahramanmaras, Osmaniye","value":":"},{"id":"TR71","nuts_region":"Kirikkale, Aksaray, Nigde, Nevsehir, Kirsehir","value":":"},{"id":"TR72","nuts_region":"Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat","value":":"},{"id":"TR81","nuts_region":"Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartin","value":":"},{"id":"TR82","nuts_region":"Kastamonu, Çankiri, Sinop","value":":"},{"id":"TR83","nuts_region":"Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya","value":":"},{"id":"TR90","nuts_region":"Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüshane","value":":"},{"id":"TRA1","nuts_region":"Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt","value":":"},{"id":"TRA2","nuts_region":"Agri, Kars, Igdir, Ardahan","value":":"},{"id":"TRB1","nuts_region":"Malatya, Elazig, Bingöl, Tunceli","value":":"},{"id":"TRB2","nuts_region":"Van, Mus, Bitlis, Hakkari","value":":"},{"id":"TRC1","nuts_region":"Gaziantep, Adiyaman, Kilis","value":":"},{"id":"TRC2","nuts_region":"Sanliurfa, Diyarbakir","value":":"},{"id":"TRC3","nuts_region":"Mardin, Batman, Sirnak, Siirt","value":":"}],"Name":"2021","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Specialisté/europemap_hightech_2016.csv","Data":[{"id":"id","nuts_region":"nuts_region","value":"value"},{"id":"BE10","nuts_region":"Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest","value":"5,8"},{"id":"BE21","nuts_region":"Prov. Antwerpen","value":"5"},{"id":"BE22","nuts_region":"Prov. Limburg (BE)","value":"2,8"},{"id":"BE23","nuts_region":"Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen","value":"4"},{"id":"BE24","nuts_region":"Prov. Vlaams-Brabant","value":"6,5"},{"id":"BE25","nuts_region":"Prov. West-Vlaanderen","value":"2,7"},{"id":"BE31","nuts_region":"Prov. Brabant wallon","value":"7,2"},{"id":"BE32","nuts_region":"Prov. Hainaut","value":"3,4"},{"id":"BE33","nuts_region":"Prov. Li?ge","value":"2,6"},{"id":"BE34","nuts_region":"Prov. Luxembourg (BE)","value":"2,3"},{"id":"BE35","nuts_region":"Prov. Namur","value":"4,8"},{"id":"BG31","nuts_region":"Severozapaden","value":"2,2"},{"id":"BG32","nuts_region":"Severen tsentralen","value":"1,7"},{"id":"BG33","nuts_region":"Severoiztochen","value":"1,9"},{"id":"BG34","nuts_region":"Yugoiztochen","value":"1,5"},{"id":"BG41","nuts_region":"Yugozapaden","value":"8"},{"id":"BG42","nuts_region":"Yuzhen tsentralen","value":"1,9"},{"id":"CZ010","nuts_region":"Hlavní město Praha","value":"9,7"},{"id":"CZ020","nuts_region":"Středočeský kraj","value":"4,6"},{"id":"CZ031","nuts_region":"Jihočeský kraj","value":"3,8"},{"id":"CZ032","nuts_region":"Plzeňský kraj","value":"4"},{"id":"CZ041","nuts_region":"Karlovarský kraj","value":"1,3"},{"id":"CZ042","nuts_region":"Ústecký kraj","value":"2,3"},{"id":"CZ051","nuts_region":"Liberecký kraj","value":"3,3"},{"id":"CZ052","nuts_region":"Královéhradecký kraj","value":"3,3"},{"id":"CZ053","nuts_region":"Pardubický kraj","value":"5,9"},{"id":"CZ063","nuts_region":"Kraj Vysočina","value":"1,5"},{"id":"CZ064","nuts_region":"Jihomoravký kraj","value":"6,5"},{"id":"CZ071","nuts_region":"Olomoucký kraj","value":"4,6"},{"id":"CZ072","nuts_region":"Zlínský kraj","value":"3,9"},{"id":"CZ080","nuts_region":"Moravskoslezský kraj","value":"3,2"},{"id":"DK01","nuts_region":"Hovedstaden","value":"9,4"},{"id":"DK02","nuts_region":"Sj?lland","value":"5,5"},{"id":"DK03","nuts_region":"Syddanmark","value":"2,5"},{"id":"DK04","nuts_region":"Midtjylland","value":"3,9"},{"id":"DK05","nuts_region":"Nordjylland","value":"2,8"},{"id":"DE11","nuts_region":"Stuttgart","value":"4,3"},{"id":"DE12","nuts_region":"Karlsruhe","value":"5,6"},{"id":"DE13","nuts_region":"Freiburg","value":"5,6"},{"id":"DE14","nuts_region":"Tübingen","value":"5,2"},{"id":"DE21","nuts_region":"Oberbayern","value":"7,1"},{"id":"DE22","nuts_region":"Niederbayern","value":"2,4"},{"id":"DE23","nuts_region":"Oberpfalz","value":"5,6"},{"id":"DE24","nuts_region":"Oberfranken","value":"2,5"},{"id":"DE25","nuts_region":"Mittelfranken","value":"5"},{"id":"DE26","nuts_region":"Unterfranken","value":"2,6"},{"id":"DE27","nuts_region":"Schwaben","value":"3,3"},{"id":"DE30","nuts_region":"Berlin","value":"7,1"},{"id":"DE40","nuts_region":"Brandenburg","value":"3,1"},{"id":"DE50","nuts_region":"Bremen","value":"3,5"},{"id":"DE60","nuts_region":"Hamburg","value":"5,2"},{"id":"DE71","nuts_region":"Darmstadt","value":"5,9"},{"id":"DE72","nuts_region":"Gießen","value":"4"},{"id":"DE73","nuts_region":"Kassel","value":"2,8"},{"id":"DE80","nuts_region":"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern","value":"1,9"},{"id":"DE91","nuts_region":"Braunschweig","value":"2,9"},{"id":"DE92","nuts_region":"Hannover","value":"3,4"},{"id":"DE93","nuts_region":"Lüneburg","value":"2,2"},{"id":"DE94","nuts_region":"Weser-Ems","value":"1,6"},{"id":"DEA1","nuts_region":"Düsseldorf","value":"3,6"},{"id":"DEA2","nuts_region":"Köln","value":"4,9"},{"id":"DEA3","nuts_region":"Münster","value":"2,4"},{"id":"DEA4","nuts_region":"Detmold","value":"2,9"},{"id":"DEA5","nuts_region":"Arnsberg","value":"2,9"},{"id":"DEB1","nuts_region":"Koblenz","value":"2,8"},{"id":"DEB3","nuts_region":"Rheinhessen-Pfalz","value":"4"},{"id":"DEC0","nuts_region":"Saarland","value":"3"},{"id":"DED2","nuts_region":"Dresden","value":"4,9"},{"id":"DED4","nuts_region":"Chemnitz","value":"2,1"},{"id":"DED5","nuts_region":"Leipzig","value":"4"},{"id":"DEE0","nuts_region":"Sachsen-Anhalt","value":"2,3"},{"id":"DEF0","nuts_region":"Schleswig-Holstein","value":"3"},{"id":"DEG0","nuts_region":"Thüringen","value":"3,5"},{"id":"EE00","nuts_region":"Eesti","value":"5,3"},{"id":"IE04","nuts_region":"Northern and Western","value":"4,9"},{"id":"IE05","nuts_region":"Southern","value":"8,1"},{"id":"IE06","nuts_region":"Eastern and Midland","value":"9,9"},{"id":"EL30","nuts_region":"Attiki","value":"5"},{"id":"EL43","nuts_region":"Kriti","value":"1"},{"id":"EL51","nuts_region":"Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki","value":"0,9"},{"id":"EL52","nuts_region":"Kentriki Makedonia","value":"1,9"},{"id":"EL63","nuts_region":"Dytiki Ellada","value":"1,1"},{"id":"ES11","nuts_region":"Galicia","value":"2,7"},{"id":"ES12","nuts_region":"Principado de Asturias","value":"2,8"},{"id":"ES13","nuts_region":"Cantabria","value":"3"},{"id":"ES21","nuts_region":"País Vasco","value":"3,6"},{"id":"ES22","nuts_region":"Comunidad Foral de Navarra","value":"2,1"},{"id":"ES23","nuts_region":"La Rioja","value":"1,9"},{"id":"ES24","nuts_region":"Aragón","value":"3"},{"id":"ES30","nuts_region":"Comunidad de Madrid","value":"8,5"},{"id":"ES41","nuts_region":"Castilla y León","value":"1,8"},{"id":"ES42","nuts_region":"Castilla-la Mancha","value":"2,7"},{"id":"ES43","nuts_region":"Extremadura","value":"1,2"},{"id":"ES51","nuts_region":"Catalu?a","value":"4,5"},{"id":"ES52","nuts_region":"Comunitat Valenciana","value":"2"},{"id":"ES53","nuts_region":"Illes Balears","value":"1,3"},{"id":"ES61","nuts_region":"Andalucía","value":"2,1"},{"id":"ES62","nuts_region":"Región de Murcia","value":"1,3"},{"id":"ES70","nuts_region":"Canarias","value":"1,4"},{"id":"FR10","nuts_region":"Île de France","value":"7,1"},{"id":"FRB0","nuts_region":"Centre - Val de Loire","value":"4,4"},{"id":"FRC1","nuts_region":"Bourgogne","value":"1,8"},{"id":"FRC2","nuts_region":"Franche-Comté","value":"5,8"},{"id":"FRD1","nuts_region":"Basse-Normandie","value":"2,6"},{"id":"FRD2","nuts_region":"Haute-Normandie","value":"3"},{"id":"FRE1","nuts_region":"Nord-Pas-de-Calais","value":"2"},{"id":"FRE2","nuts_region":"Picardie","value":"1,8"},{"id":"FRF1","nuts_region":"Alsace","value":"3,7"},{"id":"FRF2","nuts_region":"Champagne-Ardenne","value":"1,3"},{"id":"FRF3","nuts_region":"Lorraine","value":"1,9"},{"id":"FRG0","nuts_region":"Pays-de-la-Loire","value":"2,8"},{"id":"FRH0","nuts_region":"Bretagne","value":"2,9"},{"id":"FRI1","nuts_region":"Aquitaine","value":"3,3"},{"id":"FRI2","nuts_region":"Limousin","value":"1,7"},{"id":"FRI3","nuts_region":"Poitou-Charentes","value":"1,8"},{"id":"FRJ1","nuts_region":"Languedoc-Roussillon","value":"3"},{"id":"FRJ2","nuts_region":"Midi-Pyrénées","value":"4,5"},{"id":"FRK1","nuts_region":"Auvergne","value":"4,2"},{"id":"FRK2","nuts_region":"Rhône-Alpes","value":"4,9"},{"id":"FRL0","nuts_region":"Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur","value":"3,7"},{"id":"FRM0","nuts_region":"Corse","value":"0,8"},{"id":"FRY2","nuts_region":"Martinique","value":"2,6"},{"id":"FRY4","nuts_region":"La Réunion","value":"1,3"},{"id":"HR02","nuts_region":"Panonska Hrvatska","value":"2"},{"id":"HR03","nuts_region":"Jadranska Hrvatska","value":"2,2"},{"id":"HR05","nuts_region":"Grad Zagreb","value":"9,4"},{"id":"HR06","nuts_region":"Sjeverna Hrvatska","value":"2,2"},{"id":"ITC1","nuts_region":"Piemonte","value":"3,7"},{"id":"ITC3","nuts_region":"Liguria","value":"3,8"},{"id":"ITC4","nuts_region":"Lombardia","value":"4,8"},{"id":"ITH1","nuts_region":"Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen","value":"1,9"},{"id":"ITH2","nuts_region":"Provincia Autonoma di Trento","value":"3,1"},{"id":"ITH3","nuts_region":"Veneto","value":"2,8"},{"id":"ITH4","nuts_region":"Friuli-Venezia Giulia","value":"3"},{"id":"ITH5","nuts_region":"Emilia-Romagna","value":"3,3"},{"id":"ITI1","nuts_region":"Toscana","value":"2,9"},{"id":"ITI2","nuts_region":"Umbria","value":"2,3"},{"id":"ITI3","nuts_region":"Marche","value":"2,8"},{"id":"ITI4","nuts_region":"Lazio","value":"6,5"},{"id":"ITF1","nuts_region":"Abruzzo","value":"3,2"},{"id":"ITF3","nuts_region":"Campania","value":"2"},{"id":"ITF4","nuts_region":"Puglia","value":"1,4"},{"id":"ITF5","nuts_region":"Basilicata","value":"2,2"},{"id":"ITF6","nuts_region":"Calabria","value":"1,5"},{"id":"ITG1","nuts_region":"Sicilia","value":"1,8"},{"id":"ITG2","nuts_region":"Sardegna","value":"1,6"},{"id":"CY00","nuts_region":"Kypros","value":"3"},{"id":"LV00","nuts_region":"Latvija","value":"3,1"},{"id":"LT01","nuts_region":"Sostines regionas","value":"4,9"},{"id":"LT02","nuts_region":"Vidurio ir vakaru Lietuvos regionas","value":"1,4"},{"id":"LU00","nuts_region":"Luxembourg","value":"3,6"},{"id":"HU11","nuts_region":"Budapest","value":"9,6"},{"id":"HU12","nuts_region":"Pest","value":"7"},{"id":"HU21","nuts_region":"Közép-Dunántúl","value":"3,5"},{"id":"HU22","nuts_region":"Nyugat-Dunántúl","value":"4,2"},{"id":"HU23","nuts_region":"Dél-Dunántúl","value":"2,8"},{"id":"HU31","nuts_region":"Észak-Magyarország","value":"4,9"},{"id":"HU32","nuts_region":"Észak-Alföld","value":"3,6"},{"id":"HU33","nuts_region":"Dél-Alföld","value":"2"},{"id":"MT00","nuts_region":"Malta","value":"6,1"},{"id":"NL11","nuts_region":"Groningen","value":"4"},{"id":"NL12","nuts_region":"Friesland (NL)","value":"1,8"},{"id":"NL13","nuts_region":"Drenthe","value":"2,8"},{"id":"NL21","nuts_region":"Overijssel","value":"3,1"},{"id":"NL22","nuts_region":"Gelderland","value":"3,4"},{"id":"NL23","nuts_region":"Flevoland","value":"4,1"},{"id":"NL31","nuts_region":"Utrecht","value":"5,5"},{"id":"NL32","nuts_region":"Noord-Holland","value":"4,9"},{"id":"NL33","nuts_region":"Zuid-Holland","value":"4,4"},{"id":"NL34","nuts_region":"Zeeland","value":"2"},{"id":"NL41","nuts_region":"Noord-Brabant","value":"4,1"},{"id":"NL42","nuts_region":"Limburg (NL)","value":"2,5"},{"id":"AT11","nuts_region":"Burgenland (AT)","value":"3"},{"id":"AT12","nuts_region":"Niederösterreich","value":"4,7"},{"id":"AT13","nuts_region":"Wien","value":"6,5"},{"id":"AT21","nuts_region":"Kärnten","value":"3,9"},{"id":"AT22","nuts_region":"Steiermark","value":"4,1"},{"id":"AT31","nuts_region":"Oberösterreich","value":"3,3"},{"id":"AT32","nuts_region":"Salzburg","value":"3,2"},{"id":"AT33","nuts_region":"Tirol","value":"3,9"},{"id":"AT34","nuts_region":"Vorarlberg","value":"2,4"},{"id":"PL21","nuts_region":"Malopolskie","value":"3,6"},{"id":"PL22","nuts_region":"Slaskie","value":"2,3"},{"id":"PL41","nuts_region":"Wielkopolskie","value":"1,9"},{"id":"PL42","nuts_region":"Zachodniopomorskie","value":"1,6"},{"id":"PL43","nuts_region":"Lubuskie","value":"1,5"},{"id":"PL51","nuts_region":"Dolnoslaskie","value":"4,4"},{"id":"PL52","nuts_region":"Opolskie","value":"2,1"},{"id":"PL61","nuts_region":"Kujawsko-Pomorskie","value":"2,5"},{"id":"PL62","nuts_region":"Warminsko-Mazurskie","value":"1,3"},{"id":"PL63","nuts_region":"Pomorskie","value":"3,7"},{"id":"PL71","nuts_region":"Lódzkie","value":"2,9"},{"id":"PL81","nuts_region":"Lubelskie","value":"1,8"},{"id":"PL82","nuts_region":"Podkarpackie","value":"1,2"},{"id":"PL84","nuts_region":"Podlaskie","value":"1,3"},{"id":"PL91","nuts_region":"Warszawski stoleczny","value":"8,4"},{"id":"PL92","nuts_region":"Mazowiecki regionalny","value":"1,7"},{"id":"PT11","nuts_region":"Norte","value":"2"},{"id":"PT16","nuts_region":"Centro (PT)","value":"1,9"},{"id":"PT17","nuts_region":"Área Metropolitana de Lisboa","value":"5,3"},{"id":"RO11","nuts_region":"Nord-Vest","value":"2,6"},{"id":"RO12","nuts_region":"Centru","value":"2,7"},{"id":"RO21","nuts_region":"Nord-Est","value":"1,3"},{"id":"RO22","nuts_region":"Sud-Est","value":"1"},{"id":"RO31","nuts_region":"Sud - Muntenia","value":"1"},{"id":"RO32","nuts_region":"Bucuresti - Ilfov","value":"7,6"},{"id":"RO42","nuts_region":"Vest","value":"5,4"},{"id":"SI03","nuts_region":"Vzhodna Slovenija","value":"4,2"},{"id":"SI04","nuts_region":"Zahodna Slovenija","value":"7"},{"id":"SK01","nuts_region":"Bratislavský kraj","value":"8,9"},{"id":"SK02","nuts_region":"Západné Slovensko","value":"3,6"},{"id":"SK03","nuts_region":"Stredné Slovensko","value":"3,6"},{"id":"SK04","nuts_region":"Východné Slovensko","value":"3"},{"id":"FI19","nuts_region":"Länsi-Suomi","value":"3,9"},{"id":"FI1B","nuts_region":"Helsinki-Uusimaa","value":"9,5"},{"id":"FI1C","nuts_region":"Etelä-Suomi","value":"3,5"},{"id":"FI1D","nuts_region":"Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi","value":"3,7"},{"id":"SE11","nuts_region":"Stockholm","value":"7,9"},{"id":"SE12","nuts_region":"Östra Mellansverige","value":"4,3"},{"id":"SE21","nuts_region":"Sm?land med öarna","value":"2"},{"id":"SE22","nuts_region":"Sydsverige","value":"4,9"},{"id":"SE23","nuts_region":"Västsverige","value":"4,1"},{"id":"SE31","nuts_region":"Norra Mellansverige","value":"2,9"},{"id":"SE32","nuts_region":"Mellersta Norrland","value":"2,9"},{"id":"SE33","nuts_region":"Övre Norrland","value":"3,1"},{"id":"IS00","nuts_region":"Ísland","value":"5,9"},{"id":"NO02","nuts_region":"Innlandet","value":"2,1"},{"id":"NO06","nuts_region":"Tr?ndelag","value":"3"},{"id":"NO07","nuts_region":"Nord-Norge","value":"1,5"},{"id":"NO08","nuts_region":"Oslo og Viken","value":"6,3"},{"id":"NO09","nuts_region":"Agder og S?r-?stlandet","value":"3"},{"id":"NO0A","nuts_region":"Vestlandet","value":"2,7"},{"id":"CH01","nuts_region":"Région lémanique","value":"4,9"},{"id":"CH02","nuts_region":"Espace Mittelland","value":"6,6"},{"id":"CH03","nuts_region":"Nordwestschweiz","value":"7,7"},{"id":"CH04","nuts_region":"Zürich","value":"7"},{"id":"CH05","nuts_region":"Ostschweiz","value":"4,3"},{"id":"CH06","nuts_region":"Zentralschweiz","value":"6,3"},{"id":"CH07","nuts_region":"Ticino","value":"4,6"},{"id":"UKC1","nuts_region":"Tees Valley and Durham","value":"3"},{"id":"UKC2","nuts_region":"Northumberland and Tyne and Wear","value":"4,2"},{"id":"UKD3","nuts_region":"Greater Manchester","value":"4,2"},{"id":"UKD4","nuts_region":"Lancashire","value":"2,5"},{"id":"UKD6","nuts_region":"Cheshire","value":"5,8"},{"id":"UKD7","nuts_region":"Merseyside","value":"2,7"},{"id":"UKE1","nuts_region":"East Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire","value":"2,7"},{"id":"UKE2","nuts_region":"North Yorkshire","value":"2,9"},{"id":"UKE3","nuts_region":"South Yorkshire","value":"2,4"},{"id":"UKE4","nuts_region":"West Yorkshire","value":"3,5"},{"id":"UKF1","nuts_region":"Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire","value":"3,7"},{"id":"UKF2","nuts_region":"Leicestershire, Rutland and Northamptonshire","value":"4,8"},{"id":"UKF3","nuts_region":"Lincolnshire","value":"2,8"},{"id":"UKG1","nuts_region":"Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire","value":"4,6"},{"id":"UKG2","nuts_region":"Shropshire and Staffordshire","value":"4,2"},{"id":"UKG3","nuts_region":"West Midlands","value":"2,2"},{"id":"UKH1","nuts_region":"East Anglia","value":"5,6"},{"id":"UKH2","nuts_region":"Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire","value":"7,5"},{"id":"UKH3","nuts_region":"Essex","value":"3,5"},{"id":"UKI3","nuts_region":"Inner London - West","value":"10"},{"id":"UKI4","nuts_region":"Inner London - East","value":"6,6"},{"id":"UKI5","nuts_region":"Outer London - East and North East","value":"4,9"},{"id":"UKI6","nuts_region":"Outer London - South","value":"6,5"},{"id":"UKI7","nuts_region":"Outer London - West and North West","value":"8,6"},{"id":"UKJ1","nuts_region":"Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire","value":"10,9"},{"id":"UKJ2","nuts_region":"Surrey, East and West Sussex","value":"7,1"},{"id":"UKJ3","nuts_region":"Hampshire and Isle of Wight","value":"6,2"},{"id":"UKJ4","nuts_region":"Kent","value":"3,5"},{"id":"UKK1","nuts_region":"Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Bristol/Bath area","value":"5,5"},{"id":"UKK2","nuts_region":"Dorset and Somerset","value":"3,9"},{"id":"UKK3","nuts_region":"Cornwall and Isles of Scilly","value":"2"},{"id":"UKK4","nuts_region":"Devon","value":"2,9"},{"id":"UKL1","nuts_region":"West Wales and The Valleys","value":"2,2"},{"id":"UKL2","nuts_region":"East Wales","value":"3,5"},{"id":"UKM5","nuts_region":"North Eastern Scotland","value":"2"},{"id":"UKM7","nuts_region":"Eastern Scotland","value":"4,7"},{"id":"UKM8","nuts_region":"West Central Scotland","value":"4,7"},{"id":"UKM9","nuts_region":"Southern Scotland","value":"3,1"},{"id":"UKN0","nuts_region":"Northern Ireland (UK)","value":"2,8"},{"id":"ME00","nuts_region":"Crna Gora","value":"1,9"},{"id":"MK00","nuts_region":"Severna Makedonija","value":"2,1"},{"id":"RS11","nuts_region":"Beogradski region","value":"6,5"},{"id":"RS12","nuts_region":"Region Vojvodine","value":"2,3"},{"id":"RS21","nuts_region":"Region Sumadije i Zapadne Srbije","value":"1"},{"id":"RS22","nuts_region":"Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije","value":"1,2"},{"id":"TR10","nuts_region":"Istanbul","value":"2,3"},{"id":"TR21","nuts_region":"Tekirdag, Edirne, Kirklareli","value":"1"},{"id":"TR22","nuts_region":"Balikesir, Çanakkale","value":"0,6"},{"id":"TR31","nuts_region":"Izmir","value":"1,2"},{"id":"TR32","nuts_region":"Aydin, Denizli, Mugla","value":"0,5"},{"id":"TR33","nuts_region":"Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Usak","value":"0,8"},{"id":"TR41","nuts_region":"Bursa, Eskisehir, Bilecik","value":"0,7"},{"id":"TR42","nuts_region":"Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova","value":"1,1"},{"id":"TR51","nuts_region":"Ankara","value":"3,1"},{"id":"TR52","nuts_region":"Konya, Karaman","value":"0,5"},{"id":"TR61","nuts_region":"Antalya, Isparta, Burdur","value":"0,8"},{"id":"TR62","nuts_region":"Adana, Mersin","value":"0,6"},{"id":"TR63","nuts_region":"Hatay, Kahramanmaras, Osmaniye","value":"0,2"},{"id":"TR71","nuts_region":"Kirikkale, Aksaray, Nigde, Nevsehir, Kirsehir","value":"0,3"},{"id":"TR72","nuts_region":"Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat","value":"0,4"},{"id":"TR81","nuts_region":"Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartin","value":"0,5"},{"id":"TR82","nuts_region":"Kastamonu, Çankiri, Sinop","value":"0,4"},{"id":"TR83","nuts_region":"Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya","value":"0,3"},{"id":"TR90","nuts_region":"Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüshane","value":"0,5"},{"id":"TRA1","nuts_region":"Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt","value":"0,5"},{"id":"TRA2","nuts_region":"Agri, Kars, Igdir, Ardahan","value":"0,1"},{"id":"TRB1","nuts_region":"Malatya, Elazig, Bingöl, Tunceli","value":"0,3"},{"id":"TRB2","nuts_region":"Van, Mus, Bitlis, Hakkari","value":"0,4"},{"id":"TRC1","nuts_region":"Gaziantep, Adiyaman, Kilis","value":"0,3"},{"id":"TRC2","nuts_region":"Sanliurfa, Diyarbakir","value":"0,6"},{"id":"TRC3","nuts_region":"Mardin, Batman, Sirnak, Siirt","value":"0,4"}],"Name":"2016","Groups":[]}]
High share of ICT specialists is characteristic for the SMR
ICT specialists
best-paid group of specialist in the SMR
In 2022, there were nearly 50,000 highly qualified specialists in business sphere (incl. university teachers), and over 27,000 in the public sphere. Looking at the share of specialists in the business sphere, the SMR with 15% significantly exceeds the other regions between 5 and 10%, except for Prague with 25%. High share of ICT specialists (computer application and software developers), who receive the highest salary is characteristic in the SMR. This highlights the region's focus on ICT (see also University Students).
The SMR has over 42% of positions in the 1-3 ISCO categories, while the national average is 38%. Most regions, except for Prague, are between 26% and 33%.
The table presents the numbers of employees calculated by months paid categorized by industry, along with the median gross monthly salary in the SMR in 2022.
{"Headers":[{"Text":"Occupation","Tooltip":""},{"Text":"Number of employees calculated by months paid","Tooltip":""},{"Text":"Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)","Tooltip":""}],"Data":[{"Occupation":"Teachers at universities and colleges","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"4635","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2212","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Computer application developers","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"4052","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"3130","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Software developers","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"3272","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2984","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"System and computer network administrators","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"2680","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2802","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Mechanical Engineers","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"2403","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2315","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Sales and purchasing specialists for products and services (excl. ICT)","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"2132","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2346","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Industrial engineering and related fields specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1871","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2001","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Civil Engineers","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1634","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2515","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Accounting specialist","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1501","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2214","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Strategy and organisation policy specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1298","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2299","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Electrical-technology engineers and power engineers","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1274","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2331","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"System analysts","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1214","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2627","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Specialists in technology related fields","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1142","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2357","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Financial analysts, specialists in finance, insurance","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1090","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2269","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Advertising, marketing, market research specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"1034","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"1944","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Medical specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"935","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2378","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"771","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"1906","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Software testing specialists, related fields specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"742","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2139","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Electronics engineers","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"642","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2634","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Physicists and astronomers","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"617","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2827","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Personnel menagement specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"586","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2202","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Financial and investment advisers and related specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"574","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"1965","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Computer network specialists (excl. administrators)","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"567","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2570","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Economics specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"509","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"2374","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Chemistry specialists (except chemical engineering)","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"379","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"1656","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Religious, church and related fields specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"277","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"863","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"General nurses with specialisation","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"198","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"1950","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Data security and related fields specialists","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"161","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"3020","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Professional workers in education, training n.e.s.","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"155","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"1553","tooltip":[]},{"Occupation":"Teachers of secondary schools (excl. vocational subjects)/art/upper primary schools","Number of employees calculated by months paid":"151","Gross monthly wage in EUR (median)":"1756","tooltip":[]}]}
Growing number of foreign workers in the SMR
91,375
number of foreign workers in the SMR at the end of 2022
The SMR has experienced a continuous growth in the number of foreign workers. In 2022, there were 91,375 foreign workers in the region, which is an 18% increase compared to the previous year (77,201 workers), during which time the national average was only 13%. The number of highly qualified workers in ISCO 1-3 has also been increasing, from 22,512 in 2021 to 24,561 in 2022. However, their share out of the total number of foreign workers has been decreasing gradually over the years, from 33.1% in 2016 to 26.8% in 2022. This trend is driven by the high demand for less qualified, but highly sought-after professions.
The bars in the chart represent the trend of the number of foreign workers and highly qualified foreign workers in ISCO 1-3 in the SMR from 2016 to 2022.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Specialists/combi_linebar_barchart_ENexpati_absolut.csv","Data":[{"year":"2016","Total number of foreign workers":"45034","Number of highly qualified foreign workers ISCO 1–3":"14920"},{"year":"2017","Total number of foreign workers":"51896","Number of highly qualified foreign workers ISCO 1–3":"16421"},{"year":"2018","Total number of foreign workers":"59145","Number of highly qualified foreign workers ISCO 1–3":"18183"},{"year":"2019","Total number of foreign workers":"64363","Number of highly qualified foreign workers ISCO 1–3":"19717"},{"year":"2020","Total number of foreign workers":"69867","Number of highly qualified foreign workers ISCO 1–3":"20677"},{"year":"2021","Total number of foreign workers":"77201","Number of highly qualified foreign workers ISCO 1–3":"22512"},{"year":"2022","Total number of foreign workers":"91375","Number of highly qualified foreign workers ISCO 1–3":"24561"}],"Name":"JICVizualizace.Chart.Filter.absolut","Groups":[]}]
The largest number of foreign workers in the SMR come from Slovakia and Ukraine
Ukrainians
the second largest group of foreign workers in the SMR after Slovaks
In 2022, the majority of foreign workers were from Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, and Bulgaria. Notably, the number of workers from Ukraine increased significantly due to the military invasion in their country. Their numbers grew by 9,657, a 55% year-on-year growth rate, exceeding the country's growth rate of 38%. At the end of 2022, Ukrainians comprised 30% of the total foreign workers in the SMR (up from less than 23% in 2021), and 34% in the entire country (up from 28% in 2021).
In the Czech Republic, the largest group of foreign workers comes from Ukraine, while in the SMR, the majority are from Slovakia. Slovakia also sends the most highly qualified workers to the SMR, with one in four Slovaks in the ISCO 1-3 category. Ukrainian specialists rank second in number, with a year-on-year increase of almost 500 workers, at a growth rate of 67%. They also rank second in the entire country.
The majority of highly qualified foreign workers in the SMR come from advanced Western economies. Regarding other countries, it is interesting to note that among workers from India, 62% are in the ISCO 1-3 category, exceeding the country's average of 48%. India ranks fourth and has overtaken Romania, which is the third largest group of employees, but their share in the ISCO 1-3 categories is only 13%.
Ukrainian workers have a relatively low share of highly qualified workers, but their percentage slightly increased to 5% in 2022, corresponding with the country's average.
The map displays the number of foreign workers in the SMR from each country in 2021, while the other dataset shows the number of highly qualified workers (ISCO 1–3) from each country in the SMR in 2021.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Specialists/Atreemap_Total-number-of-foreign-workers.csv","Data":[{"label":"country","value":"value"},{"label":"Slovakia","value":"34 656"},{"label":"Ukraine","value":"27 309"},{"label":"Romania","value":"4 110"},{"label":"Bulgaria","value":"2 960"},{"label":"Hungary","value":"2 646"},{"label":"Russia","value":"2 529"},{"label":"Poland","value":"2 170"},{"label":"Vietnam","value":"1 249"},{"label":"India","value":"956"},{"label":"Kazakhstan","value":"736"},{"label":"Philippines","value":"654"},{"label":"Italy","value":"652"},{"label":"Belarus","value":"629"},{"label":"Serbia","value":"543"},{"label":"Mongolia","value":"515"},{"label":"Greece","value":"511"},{"label":"Germany","value":"432"},{"label":"United Kingdom","value":"416"},{"label":"Moldova","value":"390"},{"label":"Spain","value":"369"},{"label":"Ghana","value":"362"},{"label":"France","value":"342"},{"label":"Turkey","value":"331"},{"label":"Austria","value":"326"},{"label":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","value":"313"},{"label":"Portugal","value":"240"},{"label":"Egypt","value":"224"},{"label":"USA","value":"217"},{"label":"Other","value":"4 588"}],"Name":"Total number of foreign workers","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Specialists/treemap_Number-of-highly-qualified-expats.csv","Data":[{"label":"country","value":"value"},{"label":"Slovakia","value":"14952"},{"label":"Ukraine","value":"1234"},{"label":"Russia","value":"777"},{"label":"India","value":"596"},{"label":"Romania","value":"532"},{"label":"Poland","value":"481"},{"label":"Italy","value":"406"},{"label":"Greece","value":"343"},{"label":"United Kingdom","value":"334"},{"label":"Bulgaria","value":"313"},{"label":"Germany","value":"302"},{"label":"Spain","value":"257"},{"label":"Austria","value":"249"},{"label":"France","value":"234"},{"label":"USA","value":"195"},{"label":"Hungary","value":"185"},{"label":"Serbia","value":"180"},{"label":"Turkey","value":"170"},{"label":"Belarus","value":"161"},{"label":"Portugal","value":"150"},{"label":"Egypt","value":"134"},{"label":"Brazil","value":"134"},{"label":"Kazakhstan","value":"121"},{"label":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","value":"114"},{"label":"Ghana","value":"109"},{"label":"Netherlands","value":"108"},{"label":"Croatia","value":"96"}],"Name":"Number of highly qualified expats","Groups":[]}]
Ukrainians have been actively contributing to the economy of the SMR
43.6%
employed Ukrainians from those permitted to stay in the SMR
One year after the start of the attack on Ukraine, the Czech Repulic granted temporary protection to almost 450,000 people, with over 45,000 registered to stay in the SMR, including 80% who are underage, women, and seniors.
The influx of refugees was handled effectively, with the public administration working closely with non-profit organizations, academic institutions, and private companies. The Regional Assistance Centre for Ukraine, which included the Centre for Foreigners, provided assistance to those in need, including interpreting services and adaptation-integration programs.
The Brno Municipality Social Welfare Department, Social Inclusion Unit, also played an important role.
Despite changes in the gender composition of Ukrainians in the SMR (58% men in 2021, 57% women in 2022), the percentage of employed individuals among the total number of Ukrainians granted permission to stay in the SMR was higher (43.6%) than the percentage of employed individuals among the total number of SMR inhabitants in 2021 (41.3%). This demonstrates the economic activity of Ukrainians in the region and their contribution to the economy of the SMR.
The chart displays the number of employees among Ukrainians with permission to stay in the SMR as of the end of 2022, as well as the number of employees among the total number of SMR inhabitants as of the end of 2021.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Specialists/barchart_ENUkrajinci1.csv","Data":[{"Rok":"2022","Number of people":"62611","Number of employed people":"27309"}],"Name":"Ukrainians with permission to stay in the SMR as of the end of 2022","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Specialists/barchart_ENUkrajinci2.csv","Data":[{"Rok":"2021","Number of people":"1188388","Number of employed people":"491216"}],"Name":"Total number of SMR inhabitants as of the end of 2021","Groups":[]}]
Companies
Technology companies are the drivers of innovation in the region. See how this ecosystem is described by Dealroom, a renowned platform that collects and analyses information on high-growth companies and connects them to investors. The platform contains a live data feed, so think of the data in this section as a sample of the outputs you can follow and co-create at brnoregion.com/dealroom.
Dealroom: The valuation of technology companies in the SMR
Kiwi.com
technology company from the SMR with the highest valuation identified by Dealroom
The valuation is derived from the estimated value of technology companies in the SMR based on most recent VC rounds, public markets and publically disclosed valuations.
Historically, the highest valuation has been identified for AVG, a unicorn originally from the SMR, which has been part of Avast Software since 2017 and therefore no longer exists as a separate entity. Currently, the technology company from the SMR with the highest valuation identified by Dealroom is Kiwi.com. In 2019, its estimated value was 750 million EUR. Other technology companies with the highest valuation are TESCAN and Tatum Technology. Their value was identified in 2022.
The region can also be seen as a place with a growing number of exits and acquisitions. In 2022, the Carlyle Group's entry into TESCAN (USA) and Datalogic's acquisition of PEKAT (Italy) were among the most significant in terms of volume.
Although the most significant acquisitions in the past four years have been carried out by private equity funds and US-based corporations, Czech investors remain the predominant acquirers. Over 41% of acquirers were based in the Czech Republic, followed by European countries such as Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Poland (29%), with the USA accounting for 24%.
The table shows the technology companies in the SMR with the highest valuation identified by Dealroom (in millions EUR).
Note: The data is always limited to the businesses with indicators published by Dealroom.
{"Headers":[{"Text":"Name of the subject","Tooltip":""},{"Text":"Valuation in millions EUR","Tooltip":""},{"Text":"Valuation date","Tooltip":""}],"Data":[{"Name of the subject":"Kiwi.com","Valuation in millions EUR":"750","Valuation date":"VI.19","tooltip":"global flight search engine and ticket reseller"},{"Name of the subject":"TESCAN","Valuation in millions EUR":"272,7","Valuation date":"XII.22","tooltip":"production of electron microscopes"},{"Name of the subject":"Tatum Technology","Valuation in millions EUR":"150,9–226,3","Valuation date":"X.22","tooltip":"blockchain development platform"},{"Name of the subject":"Webnode CZ","Valuation in millions EUR":"120","Valuation date":"XII.20","tooltip":"online tool for creating and managing websites"},{"Name of the subject":"Whalebone","Valuation in millions EUR":"109–163,6","Valuation date":"V.21","tooltip":"cybersecurity for telecommunications companies, internet service providers and businesses"},{"Name of the subject":"GoodData","Valuation in millions EUR":"52,3–78,5","Valuation date":"XI.18","tooltip":"platform for business intelligence and data analysis"},{"Name of the subject":"Codasip","Valuation in millions EUR":"36,3–54,5","Valuation date":"XII.18","tooltip":"development of processor technologies based on the open RISC-V platform"},{"Name of the subject":"Ashborne Games","Valuation in millions EUR":"24,4–36,7","Valuation date":"IV.21","tooltip":"game development"},{"Name of the subject":"MADFINGER Games","Valuation in millions EUR":"21,8–32,7","Valuation date":"V.21","tooltip":"game development"},{"Name of the subject":"ROI Hunter","Valuation in millions EUR":"17,6–26,4","Valuation date":"IX.18","tooltip":"product marketing platform for e-commerce companies"},{"Name of the subject":"ThreatMark","Valuation in millions EUR":"17,5","Valuation date":"X.21","tooltip":"cybersecurity for online banking"},{"Name of the subject":"PEKAT","Valuation in millions EUR":"16","Valuation date":"III.22","tooltip":"software for industrial automation and quality control"},{"Name of the subject":"Smartlook.com","Valuation in millions EUR":"13–19,6","Valuation date":"XII.20","tooltip":"marketing tool for analysing customer behaviour on websites"},{"Name of the subject":"Vrgineers","Valuation in millions EUR":"8,8-13,2","Valuation date":"VIII.21","tooltip":"simulation for pilot training using virtual reality"}]}
Dealroom: The growing sum of investments into technology companies from the SMR
178.3 million EUR
total amount of investments into technology companies from the SMR in 2022 (identified by Dealroom)
The total amount of investments in technology companies from the SMR (identified by Dealroom) reached a record-breaking 178.3 million EUR in 2022, a significant increase compared to 46.8 million EUR in 2021 and 8 million EUR in 2020.
The most notable investment of 2022 was a convertible loan of 100 million euros made to Kiwi.com (e-travel industry), followed by investments made to Tatum Technology (fintech) and Kentico Software (enterprise SW). In 2021, notable investments included VC investments into Whalebone (cybersecurity), Ashborne Games, and MADFINGER Games (both gaming industry).
The chart shows the curve of the sum of investments into technology companies from the SMR in 2020–2022 (in millions EUR).
Note.: The data is always limited to the businesses with indicators published by Dealroom.
Dealroom: European benchmarking based on the investment volumes
The volume of investments in technology companies from the SMR (EUR 178.3 million) is comparable to the area of Dresden, Germany (EUR 185 million) and Aarhus, Denmark (EUR 154.6 million). Other areas SMR is usually compared to (Kraków, Linz, Ljubljana, Bratislava, etc.) showed lower investment volumes.
It is also important to mention that in terms of the growth rate of investment volume (in 2022 in the amount of EUR 178.3 million, in 2021 in the amount of EUR 46.8 million, in 2020 in the amount of EUR 8 million), the SMR is one of the fastest growing ecosystems in Europe.
The chart shows the sum of investments in the SMR and selected European regions (in millions EUR) in 2022.
Note.: The data is always limited to the businesses with indicators published by Dealroom.
Dealroom: Investments to technology companies from the SMR in their seed stage
56%
technology companies from the SMR (identified by Dealroom) which received their first investment within two years after establishment
The seed stage attracts the largest investments, with more than half of the companies (56%) from SMR receiving their first round of funding within two years of establishment. Additionally, 75% of companies successfully complete their first round of funding within five years.
Investors play a crucial role in the growth of technology companies in the SMR, contributing to the development of the entire ecosystem and region. Investments in the pre-seed (0–1 million EUR) and seed stage (1–4 millions EUR) had the most investment rounds. Notably, the majority (over 70%) of the most active investors identified by Dealroom are based in the Czech Republic, followed by investors from the USA (11%), EU countries (8%), and the UK (5%). Venture capital investors are the most frequent type of investors, followed closely by angel investors and corporate investors.
The pie chart depicts the composition of technology companies in the SMR based on their duration until the first investment.
Note: The data is always limited to the businesses with indicators published by Dealroom.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Companies/2piechart_ENpocet-let-od-zalozeni-do-prvniho-kola_startups-made-in-SMR.csv","Data":[{"name":"name","value":"value"},{"name":"up to 2 years","value":"56"},{"name":"3–5 years","value":"19"},{"name":"6–8 years","value":"7"},{"name":"9–10 years","value":"1"},{"name":"11–14 years","value":"4"},{"name":"15+ years","value":"13"}],"Name":"JICVizualizace.Chart.Filter.startups-made-in-SMR","Groups":[]}]
Dealroom: Top industries of technology companies from the SMR based on investments
Travel & fintech
industries with the largest investments in the last 10 years (identified by Dealroom)
Over the past decade, the largest investments in the SMR (identified by Dealroom) have been made in the following industries: travel, fintech, security, semiconductors, marketing, and gaming. The significant share of investments (55%) in technology companies in the SMR was made in 2022, with Kiwi.com (e-travel industry) and Tatum Technology (fintech) being the dominant players. These companies are estimated to be future unicorn companies based on their valuation.
Regarding the number of investment rounds, fintech (19 rounds), marketing (17 rounds), security (16 rounds), media (13 rounds), transport (12 rounds), travel (11 rounds), and semiconductors (10 rounds) have received the most investments. In contrast to the total value of investments, these industries are more equally represented from this perspective.
Looking at the technologies companies from the SMR are based on, artificial intelligence, machine learning, mobile applications, hardware, deep tech are more significantly represented.
The charts show the industries based on the sum of investments (in millions EUR) as well as on the number of investment rounds in total for 2013–2022.
Note: The data is always limited to the businesses with indicators published by Dealroom.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Companies/2wordcloud_Number-of-investment-rounds-by-industry.csv","Data":[{"name":"fintech","value":"19","group":1},{"name":"marketing","value":"17","group":2},{"name":"security","value":"16","group":3},{"name":"media","value":"13","group":4},{"name":"transportation","value":"13","group":5},{"name":"travel","value":"11","group":6},{"name":"semiconductors","value":"10","group":7},{"name":"real estate","value":"9","group":8},{"name":"food","value":"9","group":9},{"name":"health","value":"7","group":10},{"name":"home living","value":"6","group":11},{"name":"robotics","value":"6","group":12},{"name":"fashion","value":"5","group":13},{"name":"gaming","value":"4","group":14},{"name":"sports","value":"4","group":1},{"name":"telecom","value":"3","group":2}],"Name":"Number of investment rounds by industry","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Companies/2wordcloud_Volume-of-investment-in-industries.csv","Data":[{"name":"travel","value":"106,9","group":1},{"name":"fintech","value":"43","group":2},{"name":"security","value":"40,5","group":3},{"name":"semiconductors","value":"18","group":4},{"name":"marketing","value":"11,8","group":5},{"name":"gaming","value":"11,6","group":6},{"name":"transportation","value":"5,7","group":7},{"name":"media","value":"2,7","group":8},{"name":"robotics","value":"2,2","group":9},{"name":"fashion","value":"2,1","group":10},{"name":"telecom","value":"2","group":11},{"name":"food","value":"1,5","group":12},{"name":"health","value":"1,5","group":13},{"name":"real estate","value":"1,4","group":14},{"name":"home living","value":"1,1","group":1},{"name":"sports","value":"1","group":2}],"Name":"Volume of investment in industries","Groups":[]}]
European centre of AI development
Speech technology
industry in which Brno has become a major European hub in terms of AI and machine learning thanks to local R&D centres
In the region there is a significant concentration of institutes and companies engaged in AI and machine learning R&D, with Brno being the primary location. The Brno.AI open platform hosts a comprehensive ecosystem of over 135 businesses, comprising nearly 100 companies, almost 30 research groups, and other relevant educational institutions. It aims to enable cross-disciplinary collaboration and the use of AI across industries and economic sectors.
The Brno.AI partners predominantly target the automotive, transportation and logistics; ICT; education sectors. In terms of their technological focus, machine learning and software development are their primary areas of expertise.
The local R&D centres in speech technologies have propelled Brno to become a prominent destination for translation technologies, speech recognition, and related areas. These competencies are employed in call centres, translation technologies, health care facilities assistants, and other applications. The region has established itself as a major European hub for AI innovation and development, especially thanks to companies such as Phonexia, Lingea and the BUT Speech@FIT research group, which is dedicated to mining data from speech.
The maps show the representation of target markets of Brno.AI’s partners as well as the representation of individual technologies among them.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Companies/2treemap_Target-markets-of-Brno-AI-partners.csv","Data":[{"label":"cílové trhy","value":"value"},{"label":"Automotive, transportation and logistics","value":"43"},{"label":"ICT","value":"43"},{"label":"Education","value":"36"},{"label":"Electronics and sensors","value":"36"},{"label":"Pharma, biotech and healthtech","value":"33"},{"label":"Manufacturing","value":"29"},{"label":"Creative industries (Media / Entertainment)","value":"27"},{"label":"Smart city and urban mobility","value":"27"},{"label":"Fintech","value":"26"},{"label":"Government / Public Services","value":"25"},{"label":"Retail","value":"25"},{"label":"Aerospace","value":"21"},{"label":"Energy","value":"21"},{"label":"Cybersecurity","value":"20"},{"label":"Environment","value":"19"},{"label":"Test and measurement instrumentation","value":"18"},{"label":"Sport and tourism","value":"14"},{"label":"Agrifood","value":"13"},{"label":"Construction and civil engineering","value":"13"},{"label":"Chemicals and advanced materials","value":"10"}],"Name":"Target markets of Brno.AI partners","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Firmy/treemap_Main-technologies-of-Brno-AI-partners.csv","Data":[{"label":"technologie","value":"value"},{"label":"AI / Machine learning","value":"96"},{"label":"Software development","value":"70"},{"label":"Big data / Analytics / BI / Blockchain","value":"54"},{"label":"Digitalization and automation / Robotic process automation","value":"51"},{"label":"Vision / Augmented and Virtual Reality / Image recognition / Optics","value":"46"},{"label":"IoT / Industrial IoT","value":"34"},{"label":"Sensors","value":"29"},{"label":"Speech / NLP / Conversation analysis / Bots","value":"26"},{"label":"Computers and mobile phones devices / Hardware","value":"23"},{"label":"Robotics","value":"22"},{"label":"Biotechnology / Health tech","value":"21"},{"label":"Navigation / Localization / GIS","value":"21"},{"label":"Cybersecurity","value":"18"},{"label":"Mobility solutions","value":"14"},{"label":"Aditive Manufacturing / Manufacturing technologies","value":"7"},{"label":"Smart grids / Renewable energy","value":"7"},{"label":"Biometrics","value":"6"},{"label":"Precision and scientific instruments","value":"6"},{"label":"Advanced Materials and Composites / Polymers","value":"4"},{"label":"Micro- and Nanoelectronics (Semiconductors)","value":"4"},{"label":"Nanotechnology","value":"3"}],"Name":"Main technologies of Brno.AI partners","Groups":[]}]
Entrepreneurial spirit in the SMR
61
newly established companies in the SMR per 1,000 economically active people in the region in last three years
Between 2020 and 2022, an additional 61 new companies per 1,000 economically active inhabitants were established in the SMR. The number of active economic entities increased by 23 per 1,000 economically active inhabitants in the same period.
These figures indicate a significant growth in entrepreneurial activity, second only to Prague in the Czech Republic. It is important to note that this period was heavily influenced by the pandemic and the need to adapt to changing circumstances.
The maps show the number of active economic entities as well as the rise in the number of newly established companies per 1,000 economically active inhabitants of the region in 2020–2022.
Note: The data about the number of economically active people in individual regions is valid as of the third quarter of 2022.
[{"Path":"data 2023/Companies/barchart_dynamics_Establishment-of-new-economic-entities.csv","Data":[{"year":"","Karlovy Vary Region":"42","Olomouc Region":"43","Usti nad Labem Region":"44","Vysocina Region":"44","Hradec Kralove Region":"45","Pilsen Region":"45","Pardubice Region":"46","Zlin Region":"46","South Bohemian Region":"47","Liberec Region":"49","Moravian-Silesian Region":"49","Central Bohemian Region":"52","South Moravian Region":"61","Prague":"127"}],"Name":"Establishment of new economic entities in 2020–2022","Groups":[]},{"Path":"data 2023/Companies/barchart_dynamics_Increase-in-economic-entities.csv","Data":[{"year":"","Karlovy Vary Region":"3","South Bohemian Region":"10","Hradec Kralove Region":"10","Olomouc Region":"10","Zlin Region":"10","Pilsen Region":"11","Usti nad Labem Region":"11","Vysocina Region":"11","Liberec Region":"12","Pardubice Region":"14","Moravian-Silesian Region":"15","Central Bohemian Region":"22","South Moravian Region":"23","Prague":"47"}],"Name":"Increase in economic entities in 2020–2022","Groups":[]}]
Dowload previous editions of the Data report in our database